Rawls and Schmitt are often discussed in the literature as if their conceptions of the political had nothing in common, or even referred to entirely different phenomena. In this essay, I show how these conceptions share a common space of reasons, traceable back to the idea of public reason and its development since the Middle Ages. By analysing the idea of public reason in Rawls and in Schmitt, as well as its relation to their theories of political representation, I show (...) in what way Schmitt's concept of the political cannot be divorced from an idea of justice, while, conversely, Rawls' conception of justice cannot be divorced from a theory of the political. In that way this paper thematizes the internal relation that each theory establishes between justice and power, deliberation and decision, and consensus and disagreement. (shrink)

Some philosophers, like David Chalmers, have either shown their sympathy for, or explicitly endorsed, the following two principles: Panpsychism—roughly the thesis that the mind is ubiquitous throughout the universe—and Organizational Invariantism—the principle that holds that two systems with the same fine-grained functional organization will have qualitatively identical experiences. The purpose of this paper is to show the tension between the arguments that back up both principles. This tension should lead, or so I will argue, defenders of one of the principles (...) to give up on the other. (shrink)

In a previous essay we demonstrated that quantum mechanical formalism is incompatible with some necessary principles of the mechanism conception still dominant in the physicist’s community. In this paper we show, based on recent empirical evidence in quantum physics, the inevitability of abandoning the old mechanism conception and to construct a new one in which physical reality is seen as a representation which refers to relations established through operations made by us in a world that we are determining. This change (...) is profound and radical, with immediate consequences on both Ontology and Epistemology. This work is our contribution to try to make more concrete how this new conception of the world might be. (shrink)

A Mesoamérica, área cultural onde surgiu uma das poucas civilizações prístinas, tem como um dos elementos mais idiossincráticos a forma particular como lê o tempo. A face mais visível dessa realidade é a existência de um calendário de 260 dias e o modo como este se articula com os demais calendários. Esse processo contribui para conformar a sociedade enquanto tal e articulá-la com a visão que esta tem de si própria e do papel que desempenha num cosmos que a transcende. (...) Neste texto pretendemos dar a conhecer alguns dos factos mais característicos dos ciclos de tempo mesoamericanos, mostrar o seu funcionamento e tentar motivar o interesse por um conhecimento mais profundo de uma estrutura mental colectiva singular, como a que encontramos no México Antigo. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a relação linguagem, educação e hermenêutica. Realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica com base em Gadamer. Na educação, a dimensão dialógica da compreensão está situada como o locus primordial da ação educativa, lugar privilegiado onde o compreender se efetiva tendo por base a relação de intersubjetividade entre os sujeitos do diálogo, condição fundante da interpretação do que é proferido no ambiente escolar, mediante a abertura entre os sujeitos dessa postura. Através de uma educação dialógica podemos ter educandos (...) cada vez mais conscientes da sua individualidade e historicidade, que utilizam a linguagem para compreender a si mesmo e o mundo à sua volta. (shrink)

Technology development and innovation are fundamentally different from scientific research. However, in many circumstances, they are evaluated jointly and by the same processes. In these cases, peer review—the most usual procedure for evaluating research—is also applied to the evaluation of technological products and innovation activities. This can lead to unfair results and end up discouraging the involvement of researchers in these fields. This paper analyzes the evaluation processes in Uruguay's National System of Researchers. In this system, all members' activities, both (...) scientific and technological, are evaluated by peer committees. Based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, the difficulties faced by evaluators in assessing technology products are explored. The article highlights the persistence of a linear conception of the link between science and technology and describes the obstacles to assimilate the particularities of technological activities. Refereed publications are presented as the only uncontested product. Other types of output are reviewed with suspicion. This study emphasizes the need for specific mechanisms to evaluate technological production within academic careers. (shrink)

Ante la devaluación de la formación universitaria debido a la escisión entre docencia e investigación, se propone la “investigación formativa” como fórmula de aprendizaje significativo. Se ofrece un marco epistemológico basado en la complejidad del conocimiento en Humanidades, y un planteamiento metodológico organizado sobre la transversalidad y convergencia disciplinar. Se presentan resultados de su aplicación en el estudio de problemas relacionados con el patrimonio arquitectónico y urbanístico. Se muestran casos de estudios diversos que demuestran su flexibilidad, su interactividad en el (...) aprendizaje y su potencialidad de transcender de la comunidad universitaria a la ciudadanía en general. (shrink)

The main purpose of this dissertation is to apply and develop new forcing techniques to obtain models where several cardinal characteristics are pairwise different as well as force many (even more, continuum many) different values of cardinal characteristics that are parametrized by reals. In particular, we look at cardinal characteristics associated with strong measure zero, Yorioka ideals, and localization and anti-localization cardinals.In this thesis we introduce the property “F-linked” of subsets of posets for a given free filter F on the (...) natural numbers, and define the properties “ $\mu $ -F-linked” and “ $\theta $ -F-Knaster” for posets in a natural way. We show that $\theta $ -F-Knaster posets preserve strong types of unbounded families and of maximal almost disjoint families. These kinds of posets led to the development of a general technique to construct $\theta $ - $\textrm {Fr}$ -Knaster posets (where $\textrm {Fr}$ is the Frechet ideal) via matrix iterations of ${<}\theta $ -ultrafilter-linked posets (restricted to some level of the matrix). The latter technique allows proving consistency results about Cichoń’s diagram (without using large cardinals) and to prove the consistency of the fact that, for each Yorioka ideal, the four cardinal characteristics associated with it are pairwise different. Another important application is to show that three strongly compact cardinals are enough to force that Cichoń’s diagram can be separated into 10 different values. Later on, it was shown by Goldstern, Kellner, Mejía, and Shelah that no large cardinals are needed for Cichoń’s maximum (J. Eur. Math. Soc. 24 (2022), no. 11, p. 3951–3967).On the other hand, we deal with certain types of tree forcings including Sacks forcing, and show that these increase the covering of the strong measure zero ideal $\mathcal {SN}$. As a consequence, in Sacks model, such covering number is equal to the size of the continuum, which indicates that this covering number is consistently larger than any other classical cardinal characteristics of the continuum. Even more, Sacks forcing can be used to force that $\operatorname {\mathrm{non}}(\mathcal {SN})<\operatorname {\mathrm{cov}}(\mathcal {SN})<\operatorname {\mathrm{cof}}(\mathcal {SN})$, which is the first consistency result where more than two cardinal characteristics associated with $\mathcal {SN}$ are pairwise different. To obtain another result in this direction, we provide bounds for $\operatorname {\mathrm{cof}}(\mathcal {SN})$, which generalizes Yorioka’s characterization of $\mathcal {SN}$ (J. Symbolic Logic 67.4 (2002), p. 1373–1384). As a consequence, we get the consistency of $\operatorname {\mathrm{add}}(\mathcal {SN})=\operatorname {\mathrm{cov}}(\mathcal {SN})<\operatorname {\mathrm{non}}(\mathcal {SN})<\operatorname {\mathrm{cof}}(\mathcal {SN})$ with ZFC (via a matrix iteration forcing construction).We conclude this thesis by combining creature forcing approaches by Kellner and Shelah (Arch. Math. Logic 51.1–2 (2012), p. 49–70) and by Fischer, Goldstern, Kellner, and Shelah (Arch. Math. Logic 56.7–8 (2017), p. 1045–1103) to show that, under CH, there is a proper $\omega ^\omega $ -bounding poset with $\aleph _2$ -cc that forces continuum many pairwise different cardinal characteristics, parametrized by reals, for each one of the following six types: uniformity and covering numbers of Yorioka ideals as well as both kinds of localization and anti-localization cardinals, respectively. This answers several open questions from Klausner and Mejía (Arch. Math. Logic 61 (2022), pp. 653–683).Abstract prepared by Miguel Antonio Cardona-MontoyaE-mail: miguel[email protected]: https://repositum.tuwien.at/handle/20.500.12708/19629. (shrink)

The semantic method of extension and intension presented by Rudolf Carnap may have some problems from the current perspective in cognitive science. For example, that method is strongly linked to logic, and it is hard to determine where its state-descriptions come from, how many they are, and what the relation of accessibility between them is. This paper tries to solve difficulties such as those by updating the method resorting to the theses and results of a contemporary reasoning theory: the theory (...) of mental models. Basically, the update consists of replacing the state-descriptions of the original method with the possibilities of the theory of mental models. That allows reformulating several relevant concepts in Carnap’s method in order to better adjust them to the real characteristics of human language. (shrink)

Science fiction has been an inexhaustible source for the creation of technoscientific imaginary that has marked certain historical periods and influenced the production of subjectivity. This imaginary evokes complex ontological, epistemological, political, social, environmental and existential questions on the present and the future. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the cultural productions accessed by the public to form an opinion about the genetic manipulation of human beings. A survey about sources of information that influence opinions on (...) the genetic manipulation of human beings was applied to 360 medical students (70.8% female). Movies were the most commonly mentioned source of information, followed by books, documentaries, news programs, television series, informational videos, soap operas and videogames. Science fiction was the most frequent genre and dystopian views of the future of humanity predominated. (shrink)

El propósito de este escrito es el análisis de las estructuras organizacionales inherentes a las instituciones de educación superior desde un marco conceptual específico: la complejidad. El escrito se estructura en torno a la delimitación de algunas tensiones que descubren los principales nodos de discusión sobre las organizaciones universitarias, siempre desde un enfoque complejo. El objetivo es validar argumentos desde la teoría como vector de análisis, de modo que su lectura pueda producir una suerte de heurística sobre el tema.

The focus of this work is the analysis of changes in completed family size and possible determinants of that size over time, in an attempt to characterize the evolution of reproductive patterns during the demographic transition. With this purpose in mind, time trends are studied in relation to the mean number of live births per family (as an indirect measure of fertility), using family reconstitution techniques to trace the reproductive history of each married woman. The population surveyed is a Spanish (...) rural community called Lanciego, located at the southern end of the province of Alava (Basque Country). A total of 24,510 parish records of baptisms, marriages and burials made between 1800 and 1969 were examined to obtain the demographic data set. For each reconstituted family, the variables included in the study were the number of live births per family or family size (FAMS), year of marriage (YEAR), age at marriage of both partners (AMAN, AWOM), wife’s age at the end of marriage (WEND), duration of marriage (MARD), age at first maternity (A1CH), length of reproductive span (REPS) and number of children dying before their first anniversary (MINF). Through a principal component analysis, three factors were found that explained more than 75% of the total variance. Association of variables in factors I and III was particularly useful in characterizing the variability of mean family size in pre-transitional, transitional and post-transitional cohorts. During demographic transition, a decreasing trend is observed in the variables FAMS, REPS and MINF, while variables AWOM, AMAN, WEND and A1CH show a tendency to increase over the 20th century. Results obtained by multiple regression analysis confirm that the best predictors of family size (dependent variable) were REPS and MINF, which between them explained over 85% of the total variation in FAMS (R2=0·853). In Lanciego, birth control seems to be present on the evidence of an increase in age at first maternity and a decrease in age at last parturition, indicating that the beginning of the reproductive span is delayed and its end is brought forward. Interaction between family size and infant mortality is discussed in the light of various hypotheses, including replacement of descendants, the so-called biological effect and the theory of r and k selection. (shrink)

This book reprints a wide variety of articles and speeches for the first time since they appeared in Spanish and foreign journals and in clandestine broadsheets from France. Some censored material has been restored.

The purpose of this paper is to study Leonardo Polo's conception of the principle of identity. This identity is also called Origin; however, an adequate understanding of that expression requires a careful study of the way man comes to be aware of it.

Ser mortal es saberse mortales. El deseo del ser humano es deseo de inmortalidad. El pensamiento de Fernando Savater ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años en sus variantes filosóficas, políticas y coyunturales. De este modo, su concepto de muerte ha ido sufriendo cambios en esta evolución. Desde una visón libertaria de la muerte entendida como necesidad y a la que se combate con el azar, evoluciona hacia una ética trágica fundada en el querer para alcanzar la inmortalidad, un (...) individualismo y humanismo centrado en una ética del amor propio hasta culminar, por diferentes razones coyunturales, en una concepción personal de la muerte de la persona amada. (shrink)

Desde la publicación de El error de Descartes, la influencia de Damásio no ha hecho otra cosa que crecer. A partir de una revisión de sus tesis acerca del papel de los sentimientos, nos proponemos contribuir a la construcción de las cadenas causales que median entre las emociones y los sentimientos, de una parte, y la acumulación de las representaciones y prácticas culturales, de otra. Para ello, subrayamos la importancia de la aparición en nuestro linaje de las primeras formas de (...) enseñanza y lo que ello revela acerca de nuestra asimétrica percepción del mundo y sus consecuencias cognitivas y prácticas. (shrink)

La perspectiva de la Razón Abierta propone un método propio para el repensamiento de las ciencias. En concreto, sugiere analizar el contenido de cualquier ciencia desde las claves de la antropología fisiológica, la epistemología, la ética y la cuestión del sentido último. El artículo ofrece una primera definición del objeto formal y material de la ciencia gastronómica tal y como se entiende hoy en el ámbito universitario. A partir de aquí se analiza cómo, de las cuatro preguntas que propone la (...) razón abierta, la cuestión antropológica obliga especialemten a repensar contenidos, dimensiones y alcance de la Gastronomía. En relación con las otras cuatro preguntas, el estudio se limita solo a apuntar un primer acercamiento que se ampliará en ulteriores investigaciones. (shrink)

O tema deste artigo são as relações entre mídia e cultura, através do conflito simbólico que se instala a partir de um blow up: a torcedora Patrícia Moreira, em 2014, no jogo entre Grêmio e Santos, gritando a palavra 'ma-ca-co'. Esse tema é construído enquanto circulação midiática. Esse objeto, amplo e diversificado, é aqui abordado em torno de uma questão específica: a incerteza nos processos midiáticos. A metodologia é de análise das interações entre atores, instituições midiáticas e midiatizadas, configurando um (...) ambiente-circuito imprevisível. A proposição é que os dilemas e impasses sócio-antropológicos não são apenas atualizados nos processos midiáticos, mas são também transformados pelo contato entre territórios antes estabilizados. A instabilidade nas interações é sugerida como núcleo ativador do processo circulatório. (shrink)